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The ''Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi'' (1749–1804) is an encyclopaedic collection of 36 large (quarto) volumes written over much of his working life by the Comte de Buffon, and continued in eight more volumes after his death by his colleagues, led by Bernard Germain de Lacépède. The books cover what was known of the "natural sciences" at the time, including what would now be called material science, physics, chemistry and technology as well as the natural history of animals. == ''Histoire Naturelle'', an encyclopaedic work == The ''Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roy'' is the work that the Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) is remembered for. He worked on it for some 50 years, initially at Montbard in his office in the Tour Saint-Louis, then in his library at Petit Fontenet. 36 volumes came out between 1749 and 1789, followed by 8 more after his death, thanks to Bernard Germain de Lacépède. It includes all the knowledge available in his time on the "natural sciences", a broad term that includes disciplines which today would be called material science, physics, chemistry and technology. Buffon notes the morphological similarities between men and apes, although he considered apes completely devoid of the ability to think, differentiating them sharply from human beings.〔Buffon, "Nomenclature des Singes ", in ''Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi'', Tome Quatorzième ("Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes" XI), Imprimerie royale, Paris, 1766.〕 Buffon's attention to internal anatomy made him an early comparative anatomist. "L’intérieur, dans les êtres vivants, est le fond du dessin de la nature", he wrote in his ''Quadrupèdes''.〔Buffon, "L'Unau et l'Aï", in ''Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi'', Tome Treizième ("Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes" X), Imprimerie royale, Paris, 1765.〕 The ''Histoire Naturelle'', which was meant to address the whole of natural history, actually covers only minerals, birds, and the quadrupeds among animals. It is accompanied by some discourses and a theory of the earth by way of introduction, and by supplements including an elegantly written account of the epochs of nature. The ''Suppléments'' cover a wide range of topics; for example, in (Suppléments IV), there is a ''Discours sur le style'' (Discourse on Style) and an ''Essai d'arithmétique morale'' (essay on Moral Arithmetic). Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton assisted Buffon on the quadrupeds; Philippe Guéneau de Montbeillard worked on the birds. They were joined, from 1767, by Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond, the abbot Gabriel Bexon and Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt. The whole descriptive and anatomical part of ''l’Histoire des Quadrupèdes'' was the work of Daubenton and Jean-Claude Mertrud. Buffon attached much importance to the illustrations; Jacques de Sève illustrated the quadrupeds and François-Nicolas Martinet illustrated the birds. Nearly 2000 plates adorn the work, representing animals with care given both to aesthetics and anatomical accuracy, with dreamlike and mythological settings. On minerals, Buffon collaborated with André Thouin. Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond and Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau provided sources for the mineral volumes. L’''Histoire Naturelle'' met immense success, almost as great as ''Encyclopédie'' by Diderot, which came out in the same period. The first three volumes of ''L’Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du cabinet du Roi'' were reprinted three times in six weeks.〔Roger, Jacques. ''Buffon, un philosophe au Jardin du Roi'', Fayard, Paris, 1989, 645 p. ISBN 2-213-02265-8〕 The encyclopaedia appeared in 36 volumes : * 3 volumes in 1749 : ''De la manière d’étudier l’histoire naturelle'' followed by ''Théorie de la Terre'', ''Histoire Générale des animaux'' and ''Histoire Naturelle de l’homme'' * 12 volumes on quadrupeds (1753 to 1767) * 9 volumes on birds (1770 to 1783]) * 5 volumes on minerals (1783 to 1788), the last including ''Traité de l’aimant'', the last work published by Buffon in his lifetime * 7 volumes of supplements (1774 to 1789), including ''Époques de la nature'' (from 1778). ''L’Histoire Naturelle'' was initially printed at the Imprimerie royale in 36 volumes (1749–1789). In 1764 Buffon bought back the rights to his work. It was continued by Bernard Germain de Lacépède, who described the egg-laying quadrupeds, snakes, fishes and cetaceans in 8 volumes (1788–1804). Buffon was assisted in the work by Jacques-François Artur (1708-1779), Gabriel Léopold Charles Amé Bexon (1748-1785), Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton (1716-1799), Edme-Louis Daubenton (1732-1786), Jacques de Sève (actif 1742-1788), Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741-1819), Philippe Guéneau de Montbeillard (1720-1785), Louis-Bernard Guyton-Morveau (1737-1816), Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756-1825), François-Nicolas Martinet (1731-1800), the anatomist Jean-Claude Mertrud (1728–1802), Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt (1751-1812), and André Thouin (1747-1823). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Histoire Naturelle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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